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Forklift Steering Axle

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Summary

The following technical information lets the reader know about the forklift steering axle and its characteristics and types. You can also find the correct method of selection of forklift steering axles. Additionally, you will see the most common issue with the forklift steering axle.

Table of Content

Forklift-Steering-Axle
    Forklift-Steering-Axle
  1. Forklift-Steering-AxleForklift Steering Axle
  2. How does the Steering System work?
  3. Function
  4. Wheel Alignment
  5. Types of Steering Axle
  6. Standard types of Axle
  7. How to choose the correct axle for your forklift?
  8. Common Axle Issue
  9. How to know your axle is not working correctly?
  10. Takeaways

Forklift Steering Axle

Vehicle steering axles facilitate the ability of the vehicle to travel a specific route. In other words, we can say the steering axle is the shaft in which the wheels are mounted. The purpose of this axle is to lock the wheel in its desired position to other gears of the vehicle.


Steering wheel

Figure 1: Steering wheel

How does the Steering System work?

The rotary motion of the steering wheel is changed into the angular turn. With the rotation of the steering wheel, the steering column is also changed. The steering gearbox is fitted at the end of the column. The cross shaft in the gearbox oscillates when the wheel rotates. The cross shaft is connected to the drop arm. With the tie rod, the steering arms are attached prop shaft. The knuckle moves in to and from motion when the steering wheel operates. One end of the drag link is connected to the tie rod, while the other is connected to the drop arm.

Function

  • It helps the driver to control the vehicle however he wants
  • It helps to minimize the wear and tear of wheels
  • It prevents the driver from road shocks
  • It provides stability to your forklift on the road.

Wheel Alignment


Wheel Alignment is the correct positioning of the front wheel and the steering process of the vehicle. The proper alignment of the wheel provides the reduction of the tire wear and provides the directional stability of the vehicle.

Types of Steering Axle


  • Straight Axle
This axle consists of two parallel wheels which are connected by a single shaft. Its major task is to control the direction and the rotation rate of the wheels. The major advantage of this axle includes positioning the wheels and distributing the load of the forklift equally.

  • Split Axle
A split axle has each wheel attached to its own shaft. This feature allows the wheel to move separately.

  • Tandem Axle
In this axle, multiple axles are positioned close to each other. This structure helps to increase the weight-carrying capacity of a vehicle. Large trucks commonly use tandem axles. Thus this tandem axle is applicable in the forklift application.

Standard types of Axle

  • Rear Axle
The drive wheels are powered by this axle. The differential connects the two halves of the wave, known as half-waves. The rear axles of most vehicles rotate along with the vehicle's wheels when under tension.

Rear Axle


Figure 2: Rear Axle

  • Front Axle
This axle is located in the front of the vehicle. It helps in steering and processes bumps on uneven roads. Each of these components has four main parts: the beam, the swivel pin, the tie rod, and the stub axle. Front axles should be robust.
  • Stub Axle
Stub axles are attached to the vehicle’s front wheels that connect these axles to the front axle.

How to choose the correct axle for your forklift?


  • Axle Ratio
The axle ratio indicates how many turns the prop shaft needs to make in order to turn the wheels one time. For example, the axle ratio of 3.55 means the prop shaft requires the 3.55 turn times for each wheel. This means that your truck can pull the most load.

  • Ground Clearance
The second thing to consider is the ground clearance that you require. For the rough terrains, the ground clearance could be achieved by including the hub reduction. For raising the tuck off the ground, the hub reduction is matched with the larger tires.

  • Traction
Traction could be increased by raising the driven axle’s numbers. The axle numbers on trucks depend on the local load. This varies between the countries and applications. For example, 4 x 2 units have one driven axle while the powerful unit 6 x 6 has three driven axles.

Common Axle Issue

The standard axle ratio is listed on the vehicle's window sticker. In trucks with custom axle ratios, fuel economy automatically drops.

The optional axle ratios of different automakers can't be compared. Tire size affects the final ratio because of the system gear.

Many dealers regard high gears as tall gears and low gears as short gears. Generally, the former gets better gas mileage, while the latter can handle heavier loads.

How to know your axle is not working correctly?

If you encounter the following problems, you should know your axle needs repairment:

  • Vibration during the operation
  • Loud clunk while changing the gear
  • No movement in forward and backward even it’s running

Takeaways

  • Vehicle steering axles facilitate the ability of the vehicle to travel a specific route.
  • Wheel Alignment is the correct positioning of the front wheel and the steering process of the vehicle.
  • It helps the driver to control the vehicle however he wants
  • It helps to minimize the wear and tear of wheels
  • When selecting the axle, axle ratio, ground clearance, and traction are considered.


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